Type of Document	Dissertation
Author	van der Lei, Harm
URN	etd-03032010-095012
Title	Applied Golf Research: Affective States during Golf Performance
Degree	Doctor of Philosophy
Department	Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Department of
Advisory Committee	Advisor Name Title Gershon Tenenbaum Committee Chair Jeannine Turner Committee Member Robert Eklund Committee Member Lynn Panton University Representative
Keywords	Affect Performance Golf Routines Physiology Hourglass Performance Model
Date of Defense	2010-01-22
Availability	unrestricted
Abstract Many studies utilized psychophysiological indices to measure attentional and affective states for the examination of affect-performance relationships in stressful competitive conditions. In this applied, but scientifically driven, project we determined individual affect-related performance zones (IAPZs) by utilizing Kamata, Tenenbaum, and Hanin’s (2002) probabilistic model as a basis for examining idiosyncratic affective patterns during golf performance. The investigation implemented a multi-modal assessment approach in which the probabilistic relationship between affective states and both, performance process and performance outcome, measures was determined. More specifically, introspective (i.e. verbal reports) and objective (heart rate and respiration rate) measures of arousal were incorporated to examine the relationships between arousal states and both, process components (i.e., routine consistency, timing), and outcome scores related to golf performance. Three male golfers of a varsity golf team at a major Division I university in the Southeastern United States were observed during three rounds of golf competition. The performance and the associated physiological measures were recorded simultaneously for each golfer with video and telemetry equipment. The results revealed distinguishable and idiosyncratic IAPZs associated with physiological and introspective measures for each golfer. The associations between the IAPZs and decision-making or swing/stroke execution were strong and unique for each golfer. Optimal IAPZs were often not associated with the most consistent patterns for glances at the target, practice swings or strokes, and time phases during the pre-performance routines. In addition, the patterns during the pre-performance routine were found to be highly consistent, differed between the golfers, and appeared to vary with task difficulty and task specificity. Comparison of the temporal patterns associated with the project’s four functional time phases indicated more consistent time use by the golfers during the confirmation and evaluation phase immediately preceding and following the task execution (i.e., swing or stroke), respectively, compared to the information processing phase and the reorientation phase preceding and ensuing the task execution (i.e., swing or stroke), respectively. Consequently, an hourglass performance (HP) model for golf was developed to illustrate the relationship between a golfer’s information processing pattern and the functional performance phases in golf.
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