Type of Document	Dissertation
Author	Anderson, Elyzabeth A.
Author's Email Address	eaa3328@fsu.edu
URN	etd-04082005-064223
Title	The Relationship of Oral Contraceptive Use with Substrate Utilization in Regularly Active Females During Moderate Intensity Exercise
Degree	Doctor of Philosophy
Department	Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science, Department of
Advisory Committee	Advisor Name Title Jodee Dorsey Committee Chair Emily Haymes Committee Member Susan Lynn Committee Member
Keywords	Female Athlete Lipid Oxidation Menstrual Cycle Substrate Utilization Oral Contraceptives
Date of Defense	2004-08-05
Availability	unrestricted
Abstract Whole body lipid and carbohydrate utilization during moderate intensity exercise was examined in eumenorrheic women using oral contraceptive agents (OCA) (n=10) compared to women who were not using OCA (n=9) during the high and low hormone phases of the menstrual cycle. High hormone phases were considered to be the mid-luteal phase of non-OCA users, or the third week of active pill phase of OCA users. Low hormone phases were the placebo pill phase for OCA users or the early follicular phase of non-OCA users. Subjects were tested in an overnight fasted state. The two exercise trials consisted of cycling for one hour at 65% of peak oxygen consumption on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. Substrate utilization was assessed at rest and at 15 minute intervals during exercise using respiratory gas analysis and measurements of serum glycerol and free fatty acids and plasma glucose. Measurements of plasma estradiol and progesterone at rest and plasma insulin at rest, 30, and 60 minutes were also performed. The only significant difference noted in lipid utilization was a lower resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER), during the high hormone phases compared to the low hormone phases of the menstrual cycle for both OCA and non-OCA users. A main effect of ovarian hormones and insulin was also found, in that higher circulating insulin levels were noted in the high hormone phases when compared to the low hormone phases, regardless of OCA use. There were also significant changes over time for substrate utilization during exercise, as expected, but there were not any significant differences for OCA use or menstrual cycle phase. These findings suggest that there is no need to omit female subjects using OCA from studies examining energy substrate utilization during moderate intensity exercise.
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