Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of music to alleviate negative side effects experienced by pediatric hemodialysis patients during three phases of treatment: cannulation of vascular access, the final thirty minutes of treatment, and removal of needles. Five subjects in a pediatric hemodialysis unit participated in the study. An ABAB reversal design was utilized with A being baseline (no music during hemodialysis) and B being live music interventions during cannulation of vascular access, the last 30 minutes of hemodialysis treatment, and needle removal. Subjects served as their own control with each condition being 1 week long, 3 treatments per week. Live music therapy interventions during the onset of treatment, during final 30 minutes of the procedure, and during needle removal were the independent variable. Dependent variables included self-report of pain, anxiety, and other side effects of hemodialysis treatment; behavior observation of subjects’ body gestures and verbalizations in response to hemodialysis treatment; and physiological data: start and end weight and blood pressure.
Due to small sample size, only mean scores were tabulated and no statistical tests were applied. Group self-report of pain and anxiety during cannulation of vascular access indicated a pattern of decreased pain scores when the independent variable was applied. Similarly, group self-report of pain during needle removal indicated a trend of decreased pain score when music intervention was applied to the routine procedure. Group mean results from behavioral observation indicated a consistent decrease in pain and anxiety behaviors when music interventions were implemented in all three phases of treatment. Blood pressure fluctuations were not influenced by the independent variable. The group noted increased compliance to fluid intake on treatment days when music interventions were present. All patients ranked music interventions as highly effective during routine hemodialysis treatment.
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