Type of Document	Dissertation
Author	Kaziska, David Michael
Author's Email Address	david_kaziska@yahoo.com
URN	etd-09202005-194805
Title	Statistical Models on Human Shapes with Application to Bayesian Image Segmentation and Gait Recognition
Degree	Doctor of Philosophy
Department	Statistics, Department of
Advisory Committee	Advisor Name Title Anuj Srivastava Committee Chair Eric Chicken Committee Member Marten Wegkamp Committee Member Washington Mio Committee Member
Keywords	Gait Recognition Statistical Shape Analysis Image Segmentation
Date of Defense	2005-09-14
Availability	unrestricted
Abstract In this dissertation we develop probability models for human shapes and apply those probability models to the problems of image segmentation and human identi_cation by gait recognition. To build probability models on human shapes, we consider human shape to be realizations of random variables on a space of simple closed curves and a space of elastic curves. Both of these spaces are quotient spaces of in_nite dimensional manifolds. Our probability models arise through Tangent Principal Component Analysis, a method of studying probability models on manifolds by projecting them onto a tangent plane to the manifold. Since we put the tangent plane at the Karcher mean of sample shapes, we begin our study by examining statistical properties of Karcher means on manifolds. We derive theoretical results for the location of Karcher means on certain manifolds, and perform a simulation study of properties of Karcher means on our shape space. Turning to the speci_c problem of distributions on human shapes we examine alternatives for probability models and _nd that kernel density estimators perform well. We use this model to sample shapes and to perform shape testing. The _rst application we consider is human detection in infrared images. We pursue this application using Bayesian image segmentation, in which our proposed human in an image is a maximum likelihood estimate, obtained using a prior distribution on human shapes and a likelihood arising from a divergence measure on the pixels in the image. We then consider human identi_cation by gait recognition. We examine human gait as a cyclo-stationary process on the space of elastic curves and develop a metric on processes based on the geodesic distance between sequences on that space. We develop and demonstrate a framework for gait recognition based on this metric, which includes the following elements: automatic detection of gait cycles, interpolation to register gait cycles, computation of a mean gait cycle, and identi_cation by matching a test cycle to the nearest member of a training set. We perform the matching both by an exhaustive search of the training set and through an expedited method using cluster-based trees and boosting.
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