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Type of Document Dissertation Author Hassan, Fazal URN etd-10252006-165955 Title Ending Oppression and Establishing Justice: Examples from Islamic History of Select Muslims and Islamist Groups Justifying the Use of Armed Force. Degree Doctor of Philosophy Department Humanities Program Advisory Committee
Advisor Name Title Peter Garretson Committee Chair Dr. Patrick O'Sullivan Committee Member Jim Jones Committee Member Jonathan Grant Committee Member Keywords
- Violence
- Islam
Date of Defense 2006-09-15 Availability unrestricted Abstract ENDING OPPRESSION AND ESTABLISHING JUSTICE:EXAMPLES FROM ISLAMIC HISTORY OF SELECT MUSLIMS AND ISLAMIST GROUPS JUSTIFYING THE USE OF ARMED FORCE
Name: Fazal Mohammed Hassan
Department: Interdisciplinary Program in the Humanities
Major Professor: Dr. Peter Garretson
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
Term Degree Awarded: Fall 2006
This dissertation examines the justification for using armed force throughout Islam’s history. Special emphasis will be made to the following three terms, harb, jihad, and qital. These three words translate into war, struggle, and fight respectively. Not only are these terms the catalysts for the expansion of Islam in its first century, 632 to 732, but also they have also contributed to many ideologies. The origins for such ideas begin in the seventh century and Islam’s most prominent religious figure, Mohammed. It is only fitting that the first chapter of this endeavor starts with his life and the reasons why he went to war with others. As his life showed, he never declared a “jihad” on others, a term that is used constantly in the media. It is important to remember that according to Muslims, Mohammed never did anything out of his own opinion; it was all done with the endorsement of God. The Qur’an and Ahadith will also be examined, as they are the major sources for justifying war. After the death of Mohammed in 632 however, armed force began to take a different meaning. This work covers Mohammed, the Kharijites, the Assassins, Ibn Taymiyya, Sayyid Qutb, al-Jihad, and al-Qaeda, with emphasis placed on Mohammed and Qutb as key figures, and their respective justifications for using or writing about resorting to armed force as a means to an end. It is the main thesis of this work that violence committed in the name of God by Muslims throughout Islam’s history is based upon the need to end oppression and establish justice.
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